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Human Evolution

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Classifying humans within the tree of life Placental mammals Monotremata Marsupials Carnivore - meat eating, large canines, whiskers Rodent Bats Primates - fingers and thumbs Hooved animals Whales and dolphin Rabbits Anteaters and sloths Elephant Seals & sea lions Tailed Primates = monkeys and lemurs Non-tailed Primates = Apes = chimpanzees, gorilla, orangutan, and bonobos Lactose tolerance Going back in time, the last great notable adaptation in human kind was lactose tolerance. 9,000 to 7,000 years ago in modern day Iran, people first tried drinking cow's milk. Nowadays lactose tolerance is geographically distributed. 99% of people in Asia are lactose intolerant where as 90% of Europeans have tolerance. https://youtu.be/ecZbhf96W9k Neanderthals Neanderthals were a subspecies of human that lived in Europe 40,000 years ago. They were shorter and stocky with a low bow and bigger noses than modern humans. Neanderth...

Evolution of Mammals to Sea

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Whales, dolphins, manatees, seals, sea lions, sea otters and walrus are all ocean living mammals. So why are they considered mammals and not fish? Unlike fish and much like mammals, all of these creatures give birth to live young, the mothers produce milk and the young drink it. As well as that they all have hair and breath oxygen with lungs. They're warm blooded. Their tails move top to bottom whereas most fish move side to side. Many fish including s harks don't have bones, whales do. Why are there mammals in the ocean? Despite being big creatures, or in the case of the blue whale, the biggest to ever live. The oldest baleen whale (filter feeding) ever to be found was 15-20 million years old. On the other hand, the oldest evidence of sharks is 400 million years. Meaning sharks have been around for roughly 20 times as long as baleen whales. DNA testing has been done and it found that whales share the most DNA with hippos. Similarities can be observed as they bo...

Loch Ness Monster

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(Epistimology, media literacy, research, debate, Scottish culture) https://youtu.be/z3G9D9GzFio Many people believe a monster lives in the Scottish lake of Loch Ness. There have been a few reports since the middle ages when the region was less accessible. In the 7th century a bishop known as Saint Colombo reported a creature in the lake had killed a man and when the man was being buried on the shore the creature came back. Saint Colombo was able to fend it off by calling on God and making the sign of the cross. The creature retreated. Reports of a loch ness monster became very common starting in 1933. Loch ness is a large lake 24 miles long, and a mile wide. At it's deepest it's 750 feet deep, which is deeper than 4 football fields and would submerge every building in Tampa. It's deeper than a 50 story building. It was formed 10,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age. The great marine reptiles died out 66 million years ago. They swam in the open ocean. They...

Geology

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Early explanation for fossils  In the 4th century BCE Aristotle made critical observations of the slow rate of geological change. He observed the composition of the land and formulated a theory where the Earth changes at a slow rate and that these changes cannot be observed during one person's lifetime. Aristotle developed one of the first evidence-based concepts connected to the geological realm regarding the rate at which the Earth physically changes. He realized that coastlines change. Sea arches collapse and turn to sea stacks. The shorelines move but it happens so slowly one man can't observe it in his lifetime. Many people believed that fossils grew underground.  They called them 'the devil's toesnails' or tongue stones. The Rock Cycle https://youtu.be/7Bxw4kkeHJ8 https://youtu.be/EjnsLu6RyYU Sedimentary Rocks A Danish Catholic bishop by the name of Nicholas Steno took up the hobby of studying rocks in between his biblical studies....

Agriculture

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Rhetoric- Pathos, Logos, Ethos

Pathos https://youtu.be/GzB-Tkcd-X8 Ethos Harvard Professor of Psychiatry - john e mack "After I worked with 40-50 of these individuals, I discovered to my amazement that there was simply no psychiatric explanation for this, that something real had happened to them... what has happened to these people is what they say has happened to them. Eventhough I full recognize that's not possible in the worldview that they and I was raised... either we try shrink the phenomenon into something where is, as far as I can tell, won't fit or we have to expand our notions of the possible." "I have no idea how they're chosen. They seem to cut across every social economic level. They seem to be, this is kind of paradoxical since everyone keeps trying to blame this on psychopathology, they seem to be unusual mentally sound... people who are particularly strong, stable and open-minded." "I think to me, this was utterly not possible when I first heard about it. Then ...

Philosophy- David Hume

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Section 1:  Tradition is a Great Guide for Life The philosopher is often looked down upon for being too shut off from the world outside, but those who ignore philosophy entirely are even more despised for their ignorance. "Be a philosopher; but amidst all your philosophy, be still a man." Hume thought of Descartes as a snob and overly skeptical. Hume speaks in support of Tradition as a guide for life. Not as ultimate truth but as template. He’s supporter of accepting traditional beliefs about truth because they are useful. People wouldn’t get anything done if they questioned everything. Section 2 & 3:  Imagination is Constructed from Experience Hume separates imagination from experiences. If you try to imagine something you’ve never experienced, your mind either cannot or will use your experience of aspects to construct the whole. He uses the examples of a Gold Mountain or a Unicorn. You can imagine them but it’s only through your experiences of gold, mountain...