Home Schooling

Transplants The more likely accounts of early transplants deal with skin transplantation. The first reasonable account is of the Indian surgeon  Sushruta  in the 2nd century BC, who used autografted skin transplantation in nose reconstruction, a rhinoplasty.  The first successful human corneal transplant, a keratoplastic operation, was performed by Eduard Zirm at Olomouc Eye Clinic, now Czech Republic, in 1905.  The first transplant in the modern sense – the implantation of organ tissue in order to replace an organ function – was a thyroid transplant in 1883. It was performed by the Swiss surgeon and later Nobel laureate Theodor Kocher.  Transplant of a single  gonad  (testis) from a living donor was carried out in early July 1926 in  Zaječar ,  Serbia , by a  Russian   émigré  surgeon Dr. Peter Vasil'evič Kolesnikov. The donor was a convicted murderer, one Ilija Krajan, whose d...

Antibiotics  Scottish man, Alexander Fleming, His elder brother, Tom, was already a physician and suggested to him that he should follow the same career, and so in 1903, the younger Alexander enrolled at  St Mary's Hospital Medical School  in  Paddington ; he qualified with an  MBBS  degree from the school with distinction in 1906. Fleming, who was a  private  in the  London Scottish Regiment  of the  Volunteer Force  from 1900 [5]  to 1914, [11]  had been a member of the rifle club at the medical school. The captain of the club, wishing to retain Fleming in the team, suggested that he join the research department at St Mary's, where he became assistant bacteriologist to Sir  Almroth Wright , a pioneer in  vaccine  therapy and immunology.  Fleming served throughout  World War I  in the  Royal Army Medical Corps , and was  Mentioned in Dispatches . He and many of his colleag...

Edward Jenner- 1796 Smallpox had been a disease for decațdes. It had killed Egyptians, Romans and native Americans after Columbus. It killed 1/3 who got it. Variulation: from Ottoman Empire- puss from an infected individual dried and rubbed into a patient. Killed them 2% of the time. Only the rich could get it done. One of these was a man named Edward Jenner who had been variulated as a kid. In Gloucestershire which is dairy country. Make cheese and chase cheese. Noting the common observation that milkmaids were generally immune to smallpox, Jenner postulated that the pus in the blisters that milkmaids received from cowpox (a disease similar to smallpox, but much less virulent) protected them from smallpox. Dr Jenner performing his first vaccination on  James Phipps , a boy of age 8. 14 May 1796 On 14 May 1796, Jenner tested his hypothesis by inoculating James Phipps, an eight-year-old boy who was the son of Jenner's gardener. He scraped pus from cowpox bli...

Ignaz Semmelweis After the discovery of cells and bacteria people still believed in  Miasma theory. Which makes sense, don't eat or drink things that smell bad. Our sense of smell is used to protect us but micro-biology tells you why it's bad. Your mother probably tells you to wash your hands before you eat, after you've been outside, when you sneeze and when you're sick. And though it may not be one of your favorite things to do, you know it's important because germs can get on your hands and make you sick. But back in the 1800s, people didn't know about germs, or that hand washing was important to help stop illnesses from spreading. Hospital Mystery In 1846, Hungarian, Ignaz Semmelweis worked in a hospital clinic where mothers came to have their babies. He noticed that a lot more mothers died of an illness called childbed fever when doctors delivered their babies than when midwives delivered them. Midwives are people who are trained to ...

Louis Pasteur In 1860, Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation and that micro-organisms always came forth from other micro-organisms.  Disproved Spontaneous generation. We can do experiment. 1859. Applied his findings to make milk safe to drink and to weaken virus' and creating vaccines for anthrax and cholera.  Joseph Lister Listeria & Listerine Read Pasteur's work and applied it to general medicine. Carbolic acid had been used to weed fields with no harm to the livestock While teaching and practicing at the university of Edinburgh,  in 1865 a 7 year old broke his leg when he horse and cart ran over it. Lister dipped fabric in carbolic acid and bandaged it. The results were astounding. All it took was six weeks and the whole thing was healed without puss. From then on his promoted sterile work environments, cleaning instruments and washing hands.  Later in life, Lister got appointed Sergeant Surgeon to the Queen. In 1902, her son came down with ...

For 150 years, MicroBiology was known but they were viewed as curiosities and fell into the category of zoology.  4 videos  https://youtu.be/TLpzHHbFrHY https://youtu.be/EnYzMu8OiOQ https://youtu.be/hKKzUcqZgMY In three other cases, the deceased were children who went to school near the pump in Broad Street ..." There was a brewery on Broad Street but none of the workers had died. He found out that they were allowed beer on the job and never touched the pump water. Mapping deaths Who provides the water and where does it come from? Asking where people got their water Death rate difference Removing handle and seeing the difference It's important to note that nobody at this time believed that germs caused sickness. John Snow only believed that dirty water, water that contained.   Today, on Broad Street in London you can find a replica of the Pump with the handle missing as well as a local pub by the name of "John Snow."

Ancient Times (BC-300) Ancient peoples struggled to make sense of sickness and death. Much of it was understood as the will of their gods or the work of demons. Prayers and offerings to the gods were often the only treatments. Plagues were a punishment from God, curses by witches or caused by the alignment of the stars. Eventually, early tribal people looked around themselves and found natural treatments. The Incas chewed on cocaine leaves. Asians extracted Opium from poppies. People mashed aloe for burns.  During Roman and Greek times, people knew the effects of various substances. The hemlock plant was used to kill Socrates. Rhino horns were ground up and used as medicine. This still happens today in rural areas where access, knowledge or trust of modern medicine is lacking. Some animals are endangered today because of over hunting for medicinal purposes. Such as pangolins and walrus in traditional Chinese medicine. Theories of heath were proposed. People believed all...

https://youtu.be/uE_UuHRtXCY Panama Canal https://youtu.be/D_PtYPnKBJs Panama Canal P424-425 - scale of construction  Yellow fever epidemics caused terror, economic disruption, and deaths. From the time of columbus, settlers had gotten sick with fever and malaria. Page 367 Carlos Finlay Born in Cuba to a Scottish father and a French mother. He became a doctor. He believed in the Miasma theory of disease. Again, made sense, many things that smell bad have harmful germs within them. In the late 1880's the scientific world was split. Hard to believe something so small can have such a big effect. Finlay visited a lot of patients struggling with yellow fever. He noticed that very often mosquitoes were present in the room. He set about experiments, curious whether the mosquitoes were causing the illness. When subjects were bitten, some got ill and some didn't. It confused him. Whenever he told people his idea, he was mocked and ignored. Someone even nicknamed hi...

https://youtu.be/6yuP5vCIUkY Rocks moving by themselves  15:00

Stone age people had trees, rocks, water and animals. Very little else. The first humans practiced science. They tested berries in bushes. Some are nutritious and some were poisonous. They learned which were beneficial. They experimented with tools for making fire and shelter.  They experimented with weapons. They tested those weapons against different animals. Attacking a mammoth with a short knife didn't work. They figured out long sharp spears were more effective. The invention of fire brought great advancement to their daily lives. They tested different trees to see which caught fire better. Eventually they would test burying objects. Plants grew. Some were good for eating. Some plants were strong and durable. Some helped heal illnesses. Some were useless. When weather threated their lives, they attempted to control the weather with rain dances. If they danced long enough it would rain or God's anger would be proven. They attempted to...

How we know Santa Claus is Real? These days, a belief in Santa Claus is in rapid decline. Santa Deniers run the vast majority of schools, media and toy companies. They seek to take control away from Santa because they’re angry at him. Many children are spoiled and ungrateful. When Santa brought them presents and it didn’t make them happy they got angry with Santa. Today they deny his existence so that they can be as naughty as they want. These Santa Deniers grow up to be adults and their children suffer the consequences of their disbelief. Santa denying parents will tell their children that Santa doesn’t exist. They’ll buy presents themselves so that they can take the glory away from Santa. They’ll make cookies and milk and eat and drink it themselves after the children have gone to bed, just to spite Santa. Many parents on the naughty list will purposely buy houses without chimney’s so that Santa can’t visit their children. Why else would they not have a chimney? They simp...